Firstly, it sounds as if you may have hardware issues, or possibly an
ACPI problem. Adding acpi=off to the kernel line of the appropriate
stanza in /boot/grub/menu.lst will disable it on boot. This may or may
not help depending on what the problem actually is.
Secondly, Rosegarden works better on a kernel which is tuned for audio
use (i.e. which includes realtime patches and uses the faster clock
speed). If you're using vanilla ubuntu, I'm not entirely surprised to
hear that some audio applications are sub-optimal. I would have thought
that you'd need to follow the set-up suggested by UbuntuStudio, probably
fairly carefully.
While rolling your own packages is laudable it leaves you rather out on
your own if you encounter problems, these days I recommend sticking with
the available packages from the appropriate multimedia sub-distro for
best results.
Thus:
Ubuntu -> UbuntuStudio
Debian -> 64 Studio
Fedora -> PlanetCCRMA
SUSE -> JAD
and so on.